9.1.- FONDEMENTS ET CONCEPTS FONDAMENTAUX DE LA THERMODYNAMIQUE
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that belongs to the phenomenological science that studies real systems, not modeled, and follows an experimental method. As a consequence, those systems are experimentally defined by approximations and measurement of variables.Macroscopically, thermodynamic...
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9.2.- CHAUFFAGE, VENTILATION, CLIMATISATION ET EAU CHAUDE
Certain environmental conditions are needed in many life situations, for example, in an industrial environment, a house or a greenhouse. According to the requirements, the air parameters can be modified with the aid of specific equipment.Under normal conditions, the air has a mass content of...
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9.3.- POMPES À CHALEUR
A heat pump is a thermal machine that exchanges energy in the form of heat from one space to another, from a cold source to a hotter one. Energy must be supplied for its operation since, due to the second law of thermodynamics, heat is spontaneously transferred from a hot source to a colder...
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9.4.- RÉFRIGÉRATION
Refrigeration is a thermodynamic process that consists in lowering or maintaining the temperature of a space or body. The process lies in extracting heat from a cold source and transferring it to a hot source. Cooling fluids are used to transport the energy.The most widespread refrigeration...
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9.5.- SYSTÈME DE TUYAUTERIE HYDRAULIQUE THERMIQUE
The thermal hydraulic piping systems are all fluid transport systems that are part of thermal systems. In the building sector, these systems are used as part of the heating and sanitation facilities.The piping system is designed and calculated based on some objectives, the most important one is...
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9.6.- TRANSFERT DE CHALEUR
The laws of thermodynamics deal with the energy transfer and interaction between heat and work, but only in equilibrium systems. Consequently, they allow us to determine the initial and final states, but they cannot be used to predict and quantify the intermediate process. Heat transfer provides...
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9.7.- ÉCHANGEURS DE CHALEUR
A heat exchanger is a mechanical device designed to transfer heat between two fluids. The heat can be transferred by contact between fluids or through a solid wall that separates them. They are basic elements in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.The direct contact heat exchangers are...
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9.8.- MACHINES THERMIQUES
A thermal machine is a set of mechanical elements that performs a work through a cyclic process where energy crosses from a hot focus to a cold focus through a compressible fluid.In thermal machines, significant density changes occur in the working fluid as it passes through the machine. By...
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9.9.- MOTEURS À COMBUSTION INTERNE
An internal combustion engine is a fluid-mechanic machine that converts the chemical energy of the fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy after a combustion process in the working cylinder. In the combustion, the energy contained in the fuel is released by its ignition and subsequent oxidation...
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9.10.- INSTALLATIONS ET MAINTENANCE
The needs of today's society are a challenge for any industry, since they have to be in continuous evolution and renewal to adapt to those needs.In recent years, as a result of the new industrial revolution or ",Industry 4.0, the emergence of the ",Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the...
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