9.- THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics responsible for the study of the interaction between heat, work and other manifestations of energy in systems in equilibrium. The thermodynamic principles explain the global behavior of macroscopic systems in equilibrium states.

Thermodynamics does not deal with heat transfer processes, it only studies the initial and final states. These processes fall within the scope of thermotechnics, which focuses on the conduction, convection and radiation processes that determine the real heat and energy fluxes.

The fundamental laws that explain thermodynamic phenomena have been studied throughout history from the study of pressure, volume and temperature relations in different systems:

Open systems: heat and mass are exchanged with the outside (a cooling tower).
Closed systems: only heat is exchanged with the outside (a container with a mobile plunger).
Isolated systems: neither heat nor mass are exchanged (an ideal thermos).

Thermodynamics and thermotechnics have a large number of uses, from the power generation in thermal power plants to cooling systems, covering building engineering too.

The main practical applications in equipment are thermal machines that take advantage of the energy and heat transformation and exchange: engines, turbines, air conditioning, heating, boilers, nozzles, cooling towers…

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THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS SUBCATEGORIES

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that belongs to the phenomenological science that studies real systems, not modeled, and follows an experimental method. As a consequence, those systems are experimentally defined by approximations and measurement of variables.Macroscopically, thermodynamic...

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9.2.- HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER

Certain environmental conditions are needed in many life situations, for example, in an industrial environment, a house or a greenhouse. According to the requirements, the air parameters can be modified with the aid of specific equipment.Under normal conditions, the air has a mass content of...

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9.3.- HEAT PUMPS

A heat pump is a thermal machine that exchanges energy in the form of heat from one space to another, from a cold source to a hotter one. Energy must be supplied for its operation since, due to the second law of thermodynamics, heat is spontaneously transferred from a hot source to a colder...

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9.4.- REFRIGERATION

Refrigeration is a thermodynamic process that consists in lowering or maintaining the temperature of a space or body. The process lies in extracting heat from a cold source and transferring it to a hot source. Cooling fluids are used to transport the energy.The most widespread refrigeration...

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9.5.- THERMAL HYDRAULIC PIPING SYSTEM

The thermal hydraulic piping systems are all fluid transport systems that are part of thermal systems. In the building sector, these systems are used as part of the heating and sanitation facilities.The piping system is designed and calculated based on some objectives, the most important one is...

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9.6.- HEAT TRANSFER

The laws of thermodynamics deal with the energy transfer and interaction between heat and work, but only in equilibrium systems. Consequently, they allow us to determine the initial and final states, but they cannot be used to predict and quantify the intermediate process. Heat transfer provides...

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9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

A heat exchanger is a mechanical device designed to transfer heat between two fluids. The heat can be transferred by contact between fluids or through a solid wall that separates them. They are basic elements in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.The direct contact heat exchangers are...

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9.8.- THERMAL MACHINES

A thermal machine is a set of mechanical elements that performs a work through a cyclic process where energy crosses from a hot focus to a cold focus through a compressible fluid.In thermal machines, significant density changes occur in the working fluid as it passes through the machine. By...

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9.9.- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

An internal combustion engine is a fluid-mechanic machine that converts the chemical energy of the fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy after a combustion process in the working cylinder. In the combustion, the energy contained in the fuel is released by its ignition and subsequent oxidation...

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9.10.- INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

The needs of today's society are a challenge for any industry, since they have to be in continuous evolution and renewal to adapt to those needs.In recent years, as a result of the new industrial revolution or "Industry 4.0", the emergence of the "Industrial Internet of Things" ("IIoT") and the...

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9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS 9.2.- HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER 9.3.- HEAT PUMPS 9.4.- REFRIGERATION 9.5.- THERMAL HYDRAULIC PIPING SYSTEM 9.6.- HEAT TRANSFER 9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS 9.8.- THERMAL MACHINES 9.9.- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 9.10.- INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS EQUIPMENT

Showing 157-168 of 210 item(s)

Accessory of TICC/SS

Available

9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TIUS/SS

Basic Service Base Unit

Accessory of TICC/SS

BASIC CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER - TITC/SS

Accessory of TICC/SS

Available

9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TITC/SS

Basic Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger

Accessory of TICC/SS

Accessory of TICC/SS

Available

9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TIPL/SS

Basic Plate Heat Exchanger

Accessory of TICC/SS

BASIC SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER - TICT/SS

Accessory of TICC/SS

Available

9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TICT/SS

Basic Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Accessory of TICC/SS

BASIC STIRRED-TANK HEAT EXCHANGER WITH DOUBLE JACKET AND COIL - TIVES/SS

Accessory of TICC/SS

Available

9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TIVES/SS

Basic Stirred-Tank Heat Exchanger with Double Jacket and Coil

Accessory of TICC/SS

COMPUTER CONTROLLED CROSS FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER - TIFCC

TIFCC

Available

9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TIFCC

Computer Controlled Cross Flow Heat Exchanger

The Computer Controlled Cross Flow Heat Exchanger (TIFCC) basically consists of a rectangular wind tunnel made of stainless steel, resistant to corrosion. It has a bell-shaped inlet and a central opening arranged longitudinally with two supporting...

TIFCB

Available

9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TIFCB

Cross Flow Heat Exchanger

The Cross Flow Heat Exchanger (TIFCB) basically consists of a rectangular wind tunnel made of stainless steel, resistant to corrosion. It has a bellshaped inlet and a central opening arranged longitudinally with two supporting elements made of...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED WATER-TO-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER UNIT - TIAAC

TIAAC

Available

9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

TIAAC

Computer Controlled Water-to-Air Heat Exchanger Unit

The Computer Controlled Water-to-Air Heat Exchanger Unit, "TIAAC", includes a stainless steel duct with a heat exchanger in its center and a centrifugal fan at one end. The fan impels the air through the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger...

HEAT EXCHANGERS IN THE REFRIGERATION UNIT - THER

THER

Available

9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

THER

Heat Exchangers in the Refrigeration Unit

The "THER" consists of a refrigeration circuit, with the most common heat exchangers in refrigeration circuits. All the elements are clearly mounted in the front panel of the unit. The evaporator is an air cooling finned tube heat exchanger and a...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED TWO -SHAFT GAS TURBINE - TGDEC

TGDEC

Available

5.4.- CONVENTIONAL ENERGIES

TGDEC

Computer Controlled Two -Shaft Gas Turbine

The main element of the Computer Controlled Two-Shaft Gas Turbine "TGDEC" is the High Pressure Turbine, which is also called Gas Generative Turbine. It consists of:Radial compressor, which is feeded by atmospheric air to compress it.Tubular...

TGDEPC

Available

5.4.- CONVENTIONAL ENERGIES

TGDEPC

Computer Controlled Two-Shaft Gas Turbine/ Jet Engine

The main element of the Computer Controlled Two-Shaft Gas Turbine/ Jet Engine, "TGDEPC", is the High Pressure Turbine, which is also called Gas Generative Turbine. It consists of:Radial compressor, which is feeded by atmospheric air to compress...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED AXIAL FLOW GAS TURBINE/ JET ENGINE - TGFAC

TGFAC

Available

9.9.- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

TGFAC

Computer Controlled Axial Flow Gas Turbine/ Jet Engine

The main element of the "TGFAC" unit is the gas turbine, which consists of:Axial compressor, supplied by atmospheric air that will be compressed afterwards.Annular combustion chamber, where fuel is added to the compressed air and that mixture is...

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