9.- THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics responsible for the study of the interaction between heat, work and other manifestations of energy in systems in equilibrium. The thermodynamic principles explain the global behavior of macroscopic systems in equilibrium states.

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Thermodynamics does not deal with heat transfer processes, it only studies the initial and final states. These processes fall within the scope of thermotechnics, which focuses on the conduction, convection and radiation processes that determine the real heat and energy fluxes.

The fundamental laws that explain thermodynamic phenomena have been studied throughout history from the study of pressure, volume and temperature relations in different systems:

  • Open systems: heat and mass are exchanged with the outside (a cooling tower).
  • Closed systems: only heat is exchanged with the outside (a container with a mobile plunger).
  • Isolated systems: neither heat nor mass are exchanged (an ideal thermos).

Thermodynamics and thermotechnics have a large number of uses, from the power generation in thermal power plants to cooling systems, covering building engineering too.

The main practical applications in equipment are thermal machines that take advantage of the energy and heat transformation and exchange: engines, turbines, air conditioning, heating, boilers, nozzles, cooling towers

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THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS SUBCATEGORIES

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that belongs to the phenomenological science that studies real systems, not modeled, and follows an experimental method. As a consequence, those systems are experimentally defined by approximations and measurement of variables.Macroscopically, thermodynamic...
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9.2.- HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER

Certain environmental conditions are needed in many life situations, for example, in an industrial environment, a house or a greenhouse. According to the requirements, the air parameters can be modified with the aid of specific equipment.Under normal conditions, the air has a mass content of...
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9.3.- HEAT PUMPS

A heat pump is a thermal machine that exchanges energy in the form of heat from one space to another, from a cold source to a hotter one. Energy must be supplied for its operation since, due to the second law of thermodynamics, heat is spontaneously transferred from a hot source to a colder...
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9.4.- REFRIGERATION

Refrigeration is a thermodynamic process that consists in lowering or maintaining the temperature of a space or body. The process lies in extracting heat from a cold source and transferring it to a hot source. Cooling fluids are used to transport the energy.The most widespread refrigeration...
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9.5.- THERMAL HYDRAULIC PIPING SYSTEM

The thermal hydraulic piping systems are all fluid transport systems that are part of thermal systems. In the building sector, these systems are used as part of the heating and sanitation facilities.The piping system is designed and calculated based on some objectives, the most important one is...
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9.6.- HEAT TRANSFER

The laws of thermodynamics deal with the energy transfer and interaction between heat and work, but only in equilibrium systems. Consequently, they allow us to determine the initial and final states, but they cannot be used to predict and quantify the intermediate process. Heat transfer provides...
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9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

A heat exchanger is a mechanical device designed to transfer heat between two fluids. The heat can be transferred by contact between fluids or through a solid wall that separates them. They are basic elements in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.The direct contact heat exchangers are...
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9.8.- THERMAL MACHINES

A thermal machine is a set of mechanical elements that performs a work through a cyclic process where energy crosses from a hot focus to a cold focus through a compressible fluid.In thermal machines, significant density changes occur in the working fluid as it passes through the machine. By...
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9.9.- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

An internal combustion engine is a fluid-mechanic machine that converts the chemical energy of the fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy after a combustion process in the working cylinder. In the combustion, the energy contained in the fuel is released by its ignition and subsequent oxidation...
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9.10.- INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

The needs of today's society are a challenge for any industry, since they have to be in continuous evolution and renewal to adapt to those needs.In recent years, as a result of the new industrial revolution or "Industry 4.0", the emergence of the "Industrial Internet of Things" ("IIoT") and the...
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THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS UNITS
Showing 1-12 of 208 item(s)
COMPUTER CONTROLLED COMBUSTION LABORATORY UNIT - TVCC
  • TVCC
Available
9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS
TVCC
Computer Controlled Combustion Laboratory Unit
The Computer Controlled Combustion Laboratory Unit, "TVCC", unit is mounted on a metallic frame that enables safe access to the equipment and an easy handling and access to the burner, combustion chamber and all the accessories and control panels....
THERMAL EXPANSION TRAINING UNIT - TEDT
  • TEDT
Available
9.5.- THERMAL HYDRAULIC PIPING SYSTEM
TEDT
Thermal Expansion Training Unit
The Thermal Expansion Training Unit, "TEDT", allows to study the thermal expansion of different pipe sections and the thermal expansion force. It comprises original components as used in heating and sanitation systems. This unit provides...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED EXPANSION PROCESSES OF A PERFECT GAS UNIT - TEPGC
  • TEPGC
Available
9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS
TEPGC
Computer Controlled Expansion Processes of a Perfect Gas Unit
The "TEPGC" is a unit designed to demonstrate the expansion and compression processes of a perfect gas and the basic principles of thermodynamics. The unit consists of two rigid vessels connected to each other. They are made of methacrylate to...
BOMB CALORIMETER - TBCF
  • TBCF
Available
9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS
TBCF
Bomb Calorimeter
Bomb Calorimeter, "TBCF", comprises the calorimeter, a calorimeter vessel, an outer double walled water jacket, control unit to switch on/off the stirrer and the ignition device, an accurate thermometer and charging unit with pressure gauges to...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED SEPARATING AND THROTTLING CALORIMETER - TCESC
  • TCESC
Available
9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS
TCESC
Computer Controlled Separating and Throttling Calorimeter
The Computer Controlled Separating and Throttling Calorimeter, "TCESC", has been designed to determine the steam humidity content and the dryness fraction of steam.This unit works with steam. The steam is introduced into the line by means of a...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED MARCET BOILER UNIT - TECMC
  • TECMC
Available
9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS
TECMC
Computer Controlled Marcet Boiler Unit
The Computer Controlled Marcet Boiler Unit "TECMC" is an unit designed to demonstrate the relationship between pressure and temperature of the saturated steam for comparison with published results.The unit consists of an insulated stainless steel...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT UNIT - TMTC
  • TMTC
Available
9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS
TMTC
Computer Controlled Temperature Measurement Unit
The Computer Controlled Temperature Measurement Unit, "TMTC", works as a temperature meter that uses different temperatures measuring devices to compare, check and analyze the temperature and how is the precision for the measure and for the device...
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT UNIT - TMT
  • TMT
Available
9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS
TMT
Temperature Measurement Unit
The Temperature Measurement Unit, "TMT", works as a temperature meter that uses different temperatures measuring devices to compare, check and analyze the temperature and how is the precision for the measure and for the device that the student has...
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT TRAINING UNIT - TEMT
  • TEMT
Available
9.10.3.- INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE TRAINING
TEMT
Temperature Measurement Training Unit
The Temperature Measurement Training Unit, "TEMT", allows to compare the response of several devices to measure the temperature for different flows and different installation position of these devices.The unit includes four different measuring...
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