9.- THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics responsible for the study of the interaction between heat, work and other manifestations of energy in systems in equilibrium. The thermodynamic principles explain the global behavior of macroscopic systems in equilibrium states.

Thermodynamics does not deal with heat transfer processes, it only studies the initial and final states. These processes fall within the scope of thermotechnics, which focuses on the conduction, convection and radiation processes that determine the real heat and energy fluxes.

The fundamental laws that explain thermodynamic phenomena have been studied throughout history from the study of pressure, volume and temperature relations in different systems:

Open systems: heat and mass are exchanged with the outside (a cooling tower).
Closed systems: only heat is exchanged with the outside (a container with a mobile plunger).
Isolated systems: neither heat nor mass are exchanged (an ideal thermos).

Thermodynamics and thermotechnics have a large number of uses, from the power generation in thermal power plants to cooling systems, covering building engineering too.

The main practical applications in equipment are thermal machines that take advantage of the energy and heat transformation and exchange: engines, turbines, air conditioning, heating, boilers, nozzles, cooling towers…

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THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS SUBCATEGORIES

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that belongs to the phenomenological science that studies real systems, not modeled, and follows an experimental method. As a consequence, those systems are experimentally defined by approximations and measurement of variables.Macroscopically, thermodynamic...

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9.2.- HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER

Certain environmental conditions are needed in many life situations, for example, in an industrial environment, a house or a greenhouse. According to the requirements, the air parameters can be modified with the aid of specific equipment.Under normal conditions, the air has a mass content of...

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9.3.- HEAT PUMPS

A heat pump is a thermal machine that exchanges energy in the form of heat from one space to another, from a cold source to a hotter one. Energy must be supplied for its operation since, due to the second law of thermodynamics, heat is spontaneously transferred from a hot source to a colder...

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9.4.- REFRIGERATION

Refrigeration is a thermodynamic process that consists in lowering or maintaining the temperature of a space or body. The process lies in extracting heat from a cold source and transferring it to a hot source. Cooling fluids are used to transport the energy.The most widespread refrigeration...

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9.5.- THERMAL HYDRAULIC PIPING SYSTEM

The thermal hydraulic piping systems are all fluid transport systems that are part of thermal systems. In the building sector, these systems are used as part of the heating and sanitation facilities.The piping system is designed and calculated based on some objectives, the most important one is...

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9.6.- HEAT TRANSFER

The laws of thermodynamics deal with the energy transfer and interaction between heat and work, but only in equilibrium systems. Consequently, they allow us to determine the initial and final states, but they cannot be used to predict and quantify the intermediate process. Heat transfer provides...

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9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS

A heat exchanger is a mechanical device designed to transfer heat between two fluids. The heat can be transferred by contact between fluids or through a solid wall that separates them. They are basic elements in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.The direct contact heat exchangers are...

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9.8.- THERMAL MACHINES

A thermal machine is a set of mechanical elements that performs a work through a cyclic process where energy crosses from a hot focus to a cold focus through a compressible fluid.In thermal machines, significant density changes occur in the working fluid as it passes through the machine. By...

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9.9.- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

An internal combustion engine is a fluid-mechanic machine that converts the chemical energy of the fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy after a combustion process in the working cylinder. In the combustion, the energy contained in the fuel is released by its ignition and subsequent oxidation...

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9.10.- INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

The needs of today's society are a challenge for any industry, since they have to be in continuous evolution and renewal to adapt to those needs.In recent years, as a result of the new industrial revolution or "Industry 4.0", the emergence of the "Industrial Internet of Things" ("IIoT") and the...

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9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS 9.2.- HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER 9.3.- HEAT PUMPS 9.4.- REFRIGERATION 9.5.- THERMAL HYDRAULIC PIPING SYSTEM 9.6.- HEAT TRANSFER 9.7.- HEAT EXCHANGERS 9.8.- THERMAL MACHINES 9.9.- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 9.10.- INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE

THERMODYNAMICS & THERMOTECHNICS EQUIPMENT

Showing 1-30 of 210 item(s)

COMPUTER CONTROLLED COMBUSTION LABORATORY UNIT - TVCC

TVCC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TVCC

Computer Controlled Combustion Laboratory Unit

The Computer Controlled Combustion Laboratory Unit, "TVCC", unit is mounted on a metallic frame that enables safe access to the equipment and an easy handling and access to the burner, combustion chamber and all the accessories and control panels....

TEDT

Available

9.5.- THERMAL HYDRAULIC PIPING SYSTEM

TEDT

Thermal Expansion Training Unit

The Thermal Expansion Training Unit, "TEDT", allows to study the thermal expansion of different pipe sections and the thermal expansion force. It comprises original components as used in heating and sanitation systems. This unit provides...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED EXPANSION PROCESSES OF A PERFECT GAS UNIT - TEPGC

TEPGC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TEPGC

Computer Controlled Expansion Processes of a Perfect Gas Unit

The "TEPGC" is a unit designed to demonstrate the expansion and compression processes of a perfect gas and the basic principles of thermodynamics. The unit consists of two rigid vessels connected to each other. They are made of methacrylate to...

TBCF

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TBCF

Bomb Calorimeter

Bomb Calorimeter, "TBCF", comprises the calorimeter, a calorimeter vessel, an outer double walled water jacket, control unit to switch on/off the stirrer and the ignition device, an accurate thermometer and charging unit with pressure gauges to...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED SEPARATING AND THROTTLING CALORIMETER - TCESC

TCESC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TCESC

Computer Controlled Separating and Throttling Calorimeter

The Computer Controlled Separating and Throttling Calorimeter, "TCESC", has been designed to determine the steam humidity content and the dryness fraction of steam.This unit works with steam. The steam is introduced into the line by means of a...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED MARCET BOILER UNIT - TECMC

TECMC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TECMC

Computer Controlled Marcet Boiler Unit

The Computer Controlled Marcet Boiler Unit "TECMC" is an unit designed to demonstrate the relationship between pressure and temperature of the saturated steam for comparison with published results.The unit consists of an insulated stainless steel...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT UNIT - TMTC

TMTC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TMTC

Computer Controlled Temperature Measurement Unit

The Computer Controlled Temperature Measurement Unit, "TMTC", works as a temperature meter that uses different temperatures measuring devices to compare, check and analyze the temperature and how is the precision for the measure and for the device...

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TMT

Temperature Measurement Unit

The Temperature Measurement Unit, "TMT", works as a temperature meter that uses different temperatures measuring devices to compare, check and analyze the temperature and how is the precision for the measure and for the device that the student has...

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT TRAINING UNIT - TEMT

TEMT

Available

9.10.3.- INSTALLATIONS AND MAINTENANCE TRAINING

TEMT

Temperature Measurement Training Unit

The Temperature Measurement Training Unit, "TEMT", allows to compare the response of several devices to measure the temperature for different flows and different installation position of these devices.The unit includes four different measuring...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED GAS LAWS UNIT (BOYLE AND GAY-LUSSAC LAWS) - TLBGC

TLBGC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TLBGC

Computer Controlled Gas Laws Unit (Boyle and Gay-Lussac Laws)

The Computer Controlled Gas Laws Unit (Boyle and Gay-Lussac Law), "TLBGC", allows to demonstrate two fundamental gas laws: Boylend Mariotte's Law (isothermal change of state) and Gay-Lussac's 2 Law (isochoric change of state).The unit consists of...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED RECYCLE LOOPS UNIT - TRLC

TRLC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TRLC

Computer Controlled Recycle Loops Unit

The Computer Controlled Recycle Loops Unit, "TRLC", has been designed to demonstrate, both visually and experimentally, what a recycleloop is and how it works. It has many teaching applications, among them the performance of mass and energy...

TRLB

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TRLB

Recycle Loops Unit

The Recycle Loops Unit, "TRLB", has been designed to demonstrate, both visually and experimentally, what a recycle loop is and how itworks. It has many teaching applications, among them the performance of mass and energy balances under stable and...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED SATURATION PRESSURE UNIT - TSPC

TSPC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TSPC

Computer Controlled Saturation Pressure Unit

The Computer Controlled Saturation Pressure Unit, "TSPC", consists of a water boiler, including a computer controlled immersion heating element, and a sight glass to observe the boiling patterns in the water surface and control the water level...

TMHA

Available

9.2.- HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER

TMHA

Air Humidity Measurement Unit

The Air Humidity Measurement Unit, "TMHA", enables the differences in accuracy between different instruments to measure the air relative humidity. It also includes a fan to show the effects of airflow on the different instruments. A mobile...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED FLAME PROPAGATION AND STABILITY UNIT - TVPLC

TVPLC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TVPLC

Computer Controlled Flame Propagation and Stability Unit

The Computer Controlled Flame Propagation and Stability Unit, "TVPLC", is a teaching unit which allows to obtain various flames by changing the quantities of the fuel – comburent mix. The unit is prepared to work with different gaseous fuels, so...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED FLOW OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS UNIT - HFCC

HFCC

Available

8.7.5.- COMPRESSORS

HFCC

Computer Controlled Flow of Compressible Fluids Unit

The Computer Controlled Flow of Compressible Fluids Unit, "HFCC", allows to study the variation of pressure and density, the speeds of the fluid, the different fluctuations that the fluid presents when fluids across different sections in a pipe,...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED NOZZLE PERFORMANCE TEST UNIT - TFTC

TFTC

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TFTC

Computer Controlled Nozzle Performance Test Unit

The Computer Controlled Nozzle Performance Test Unit, "TFTC", has been specially designed to allow students to investigate and study the performance of a nozzle (kinetic energy and thrust). Operating from a normal laboratory compressed air...

Available

9.1.- FUNDAMENTALS AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

TPT

Nozzle Pressure Distribution Unit

The Nozzle Pressure Distribution Unit, "TPT", allows to investigate the pressure distribution and the mass flow rate in nozzles (convergentdivergent and convergent nozzles).The unit includes three types of nozzles:Convergent type (conical) nozzle,...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED HOT WATER PRODUCTION AND HEATING TEACHING UNIT - EACC

EACC

Available

9.2.- HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER

EACC

Computer Controlled Hot Water Production and Heating Teaching Unit

The main element of the Computer Controlled Hot Water Production and Heating Teaching Unit, "EACC", is the boiler. Its function is the heating of the water that will flow through the other elements transferring its heat. It is a low temperature...

COMPUTER CONTROLLED BIOMASS PROCESS UNIT - EBMC

EBMC

Available

5.3.7.- BIOFUELS

EBMC

Computer Controlled Biomass Process Unit

The main element of the unit is the biomass boiler, which will heat the water that will flow through the other components transferring its heat.The boiler is a biomass boiler of 16 kW that works with pellet and other granulated fuels. The body of...

EBMB

Available

5.3.7.- BIOFUELS

EBMB

Biomass Process Unit

COMPUTER CONTROLLED UNIT TO STUDY THE EFFICIENCY OF A HEATING SYSTEM - TEHSC

TEHSC

Available

9.2.- HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING AND HOT WATER

TEHSC

Computer Controlled Unit to Study the Efficiency of a Heating System

The Computer Controlled Unit to Study the Efficiency of a Heating System, "TEHSC",designed by EDIBON allows for studying and analyzing a closed heating system made upof pipes with different diameter and fittings normally used in real heating...

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