5.- 能源

能源是为满足特定社会用途而提取和转化的一种自然资源,可以满足社会对商品和服务生产的需求。关于主要能源,我们可以区分可再生能源和不可再生能源。

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可再生能源是指取之不尽,用之不竭的能源。值得注意的是光伏太阳能,太阳能热能,风能,海洋能,地热能和生物燃料。

不可再生或常规能源是自然界中以有限方式发现的能源,通常会对环境造成巨大影响。最常见的是化石燃料,例如煤,石油和天然气,另一方面是通过核裂变和核聚变获得的核能。

为了从这些主要能源获取电能,需要电厂,例如燃煤电厂,联合循环电厂,核电厂,太阳能热电厂,光伏电厂,水力发电厂,风力发电厂等。

如今,不可再生能源日益稀缺,随着全球变暖,能效概念变得越来越重要。在寻求越来越多的先进技术解决方案以在能量产生,在用于其运输的电力系统以及在能量消耗的控制和管理中获得最大效率。技术和能源效率齐头并进。一个例子是智能电网的不断扩展。智能电网的范围从可再生能源发电,输电和配电系统到通过智能电表系统(如智能电表)管理用电。

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能源 SUBCATEGORIES

5.1.- 智能电网和电力系统

智能电网是电力系统发展的结果。这些都是以可持续、可靠和经济的方式管理电力需求的发展网络。它们的特点是采用先进的基础设施,以促进智能电网中新组件的集成。由于可再生能源被纳入电力系统,发电的分散性越来越明显。这就是为什么电力流的分布成为一个巨大的挑战,因为根据基尔霍夫定律,电流往往在更大程度上通过阻抗较低的电力线流通。这就造成了电力网络的极大不平衡,使其性能受到损失。电力电子技术的巨大进步成功地挑战了基希霍夫定律,成功地控制了最复杂的电力网络中的功率流。目前集成到智能电网中用于控制功率流的尖端技术发展包括:移相变压器(PST)、柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)、静态同步补偿器(STATCOM)...

5.2.- 微网格

智能电网是以可持续、可靠和经济的方式管理电力需求的进化网络。它们的特点是采用先进的基础设施,以促进智能电网中新组件的集成。传统的发电、输电、配电和能源消费的电力系统结构已经不能满足日益增长的能源需求。智能电网...

5.3.- 可再生能源

可再生能源是清洁的、不受限制的、越来越有竞争力的能源。它们是基于利用自然资源的能源:太阳、风、水或植物或动物生物质。它们与化石燃料的区别主要在于它们的多样性、丰富性和在地球任何地方使用的潜力,但最重要的是它们不会产生温室气体。由于开发了可再生能源,就有可能应对气候变化,避免其破坏性影响。温室气体导致的全球变暖是一个事实,这就是为什么联合国确定的目标之一是到2030年实现全民用电。可再生能源有多种类型,如风能、光伏能、水能、生物质能和沼气、地热能、潮汐能、波浪或波浪能、生物乙醇和生物柴油等。鉴于可再生能源的重要性,应强调其主要优势:不排放温室气体,取之不尽,减少对能源的依赖,成本越来越低,...

5.4.- 常规能源

常规能源或不可再生能源是指自然界中以有限方式存在的所有能源。常规能源可分为两类:化石燃料和核燃料。在化石燃料中,我们可以区分出煤、石油和天然气,它们来自数百万年前的生物质,由于一定的压力和温度条件,它们获得了能量特性。化石燃料的优点是容易开采,临时供应量大,价格相对便宜。缺点是向大气中排放污染气体,且污染气体较细。另一方面,核燃料是铀和钚。其优点是连续生产丰富的能源,且在运行过程中不产生温室气体。问题是,它们的储备有限,而且会产生反应性废物。这些能量主要用于生产电能。由于有了发电厂,传统能源是利用这些燃料燃烧产热,然后用它来发电。通常情况下,是在锅炉或燃烧室中燃烧燃料产生蒸汽或加热气体。...

5.5.- 能源储备

如今,传统电网要想向能源分散化迈出决定性的一步,储能是必不可少的。问题在于,电能不能以原来的形式储存,即必须将其转化为其他形式的可以储存的能量。这些储能系统如水泵系统、压缩空气储能系统、飞轮、电化学蓄能器等。水泵系统的工作原理基本上是将水在高空推进,随后利用水因高空积累的势能。随后,流体通过大型管道,在管道中安装与发电机相连的水轮机。它是一个完全可再生的过程,不会产生温室气体排放。缺点是这些系统对环境的影响很大,因为它们需要对土地的地形进行重要修改,以便正确开发能源资源。使用压缩空气的储能系统,简称CAES,是将电能转化为机械能的另一种选择,反之亦然。目的是当风力发电场或光伏发电场的能源...

5.6.- 高压和电气保护系统

如今,电气系统可以说是世界上最大的互联系统之一。从小城镇到整个国家,数百公里的电力线相互连接。即使在海底,岛屿之间也有地下电缆,以满足这些人口的能源需求。高压电气系统是极其复杂的,因为它必须将某些电气变量控制在一定的范围内,不能变化。电压、频率和谐波水平是一些持续监测的电气参数。另外,电流和有功和无功功率流量以及功率因数也是其他决定性参数,以保证输送的电能有足够的质量和效率。此外,为了避免对电网造成不可逆的破坏,高压系统中还设有保护继电器,其目的是为了保护这些网络免受电气故障、雷击、错误操作等影响。由于这些原因,电力系统的设计和管理是一项非常复杂的工作,由于其行为的动态性和不断发生的能量...

5.7.- 安装与维护

当今社会的需求对任何行业来说都是一种挑战,因为行业必须在不断的发展和改造中才能适应这些需求。近年来,由于新的工业革命或 "工业4.0","工业物联网"(IIoT)和 "智能工厂...
能源 UNITS
Showing 1-30 of 135 item(s)
ADVANCED MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND  SMART GRID  POWER SYSTEMS (UTILITIES) - APS12
  • APS12
Available
5.1.1.- 智能电网和电力系统(公用事业)
APS12
Advanced Smart Grid Trainer and Power Systems Simulator
The APS12 Advanced Smart Grid Power System is one of the most advanced and complete power systems of the market. It is not a simulator but a real system.The APS12 is able to show any electric phenomenon that are present in real power systems, such...
POWER PLANTS SIMULATION SOFTWARE - PSV-PPSS
  • PSV-PPSS
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
PSV-PPSS
电力厂模拟软件
To understand the impact of power plants as well as in order to improve its operation, EDIBON has developed a set of SCADA software to simulate power plants, through which teachers, researchers and students will be able to experiment with a wide...
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS SIMULATOR - PSV-HPPS-SOF
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
PSV-HPPS-SOF
水能发电厂模拟器
配件 PSV-PPSS
Energy generation from water flows is the most exploited renewable energy source in the world for obtaining electricity, due to its simplicity of operation and its adaptability to different environments. The orography of the terrain is essential...
GAS POWER PLANTS SIMULATOR - PSV-GSPP-SOF
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
PSV-GSPP-SOF
天然气能源发电厂模拟器
配件 PSV-PPSS
The PSV-GSPP-SOF software has been designed by EDIBON with the aim of showing the user the basic principles of operation of Brayton cycle gas turbine power plants, exposing in a didactic way the elements and parameters present in the generation...
WIND POWERED POWER PLANT SIMULATOR - PSV-WPPP-SOF
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
PSV-WPPP-SOF
风能发电厂模拟器
配件 PSV-PPSS
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, whether using wind turbines to produce electricity, windmills for mechanical power, wind pumps to pump water or sewage, or sails to move boats. The most significant use of...
BIOMASS POWER PLANT SIMULATOR - PSV-BPP-SOF
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
PSV-BPP-SOF
生物质能源发电厂模拟器
配件 PSV-PPSS
The operation and structure of biomass plants are based on the Rankine steam cycle, with the characteristic that the fuel burned in the boiler is organic matter called biomass, serving as a type of energy that can be considered renewable. In this...
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS SIMULATOR - PSV-GPP-SOF
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
PSV-GPP-SOF
地热能源发电厂模拟器
配件 PSV-PPSS
In certain areas of the earth there are geothermal fields where the area of land has a higher than normal thermal gradient, i.e. a much greater increase in temperature at depth. These areas are home to the high-temperature geothermal steam...
HELIOTHERMIC SOLAR POWER PLANTS SIMULATOR - PSV-HSPP-SOF
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
PSV-HSPP-SOF
太阳热能发电厂模拟器
配件 PSV-PPSS
There are certain areas of the earth where there is high solar radiation. This radiation can be used, for example, in the form of heat. This heat, in turn, is concentrated in certain points to obtain water vapour at high temperatures. This steam...
FINAL USER SMART GRID SYSTEM - AEL-FUSG
  • AEL-FUSG
Available
5.1.2.- 智能电网和电力系统(最终用户)
AEL-FUSG
智能电网系统(终端用户)
What is a Smart Grid? A smart grid is an electrical grid that uses information and communications technology to gather and act on information about the behaviours of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency,...
FINAL USER SMART GRID - SMART ENERGY APPLICATION - AEL-FUSG-E
Available
5.1.2.- 智能电网和电力系统(最终用户)
AEL-FUSG-E
智能电网(终端用户) - 能源管理应用
配件 AEL-FUSG
Final User Smart Grid - Smart Energy Application, "AEL-FUSG-E", is a trainer that reflects the real operation of actual Home Energy Management Systems. The purpose of the "AEL-FUSG-E" trainer is to make the user understand how smart devices work...
FINAL USER SMART GRID - NET METERING APPLICATION - AEL-FUSG-N
Available
5.1.2.- 智能电网和电力系统(最终用户)
AEL-FUSG-N
智能电网(终端用户) - 网络计量应用
配件 AEL-FUSG
The AEL-FUSG-N is a trainer that reflects actual operations about Net-Metering, auto-consumption and electricity selling. For that purpose, this trainer has a synchronous generator that simulates a wind turbine.The wind turbine will be controlled...
ENERGY POWER PLANTS APPLICATION - AEL-EPP
  • AEL-EPP
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
AEL-EPP
电力中心应用
The Energy Power Plants Application, "AEL-EPP", has been designed by EDIBON for the study of the basic principles of operation of power plants as well as of the substations in charge of receiving the energy produced by them.The "AEL-EPP"...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT WITH PELTON TURBINE - HPPP
  • HPPP
Available
5.3.6.- 液压能源
HPPP
佩尔顿水力发电站
The Hydroelectric Power Plant with Pelton Turbine, "HPPP," has been designed by EDIBON to investigate and study the operation of hydroelectric power plants based on Pelton turbines. It also allows for the analysis of the mechanical characteristics...
PUMPING STORAGE POWER PLANT APPLICATION, WITH SCADA - AEL-GAD-01S
  • AEL-GAD-01S
Available
5.3.6.- 液压能源
AEL-GAD-01S
泵式水电站应用,配备SCADA系统
The Pumping Storage Power Plant Application, with SCADA, "AEL-GAD-01S", has been developed by Edibon to study the pumped storage power stations and their applications. Pumping Storage Power Plants Applications are a type of hydroelectric energy...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED DIESEL ENGINE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR APPLICATION - TDEGC
  • TDEGC
Available
5.4.- 常规能源
TDEGC
电脑控制柴油机发电机
The Computer Controlled Diesel Engine Electrical Generator Application, "TDEGC", has been designed by EDIBON to conduct studies and research on the operation process of real power plants running with diesel gensets. This equipment is composed of...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED SMART GRIDS APPLICATION - AEL-BSGC
  • AEL-BSGC
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
AEL-BSGC
智能电网应用,由计算机(PC)控制
The Computer Controlled Smart Grids Application, "AEL-BSGC", has been designed to study the Smart Grids in the generation, transmission, distribution and load consumption fields.Students and teachers of universities and research laboratories...
HIGH POWER SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS APPLICATION - AEL-HPSG
  • AEL-HPSG
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
AEL-HPSG
高功率同步发电机应用
The High Power Synchronous Generators Application, "AEL-HPSG", has been designed by EDIBON to study the procedure and the maneuvers required for the synchronization of synchronous generators with the grid, with the aim of delivering the generated...
LOW POWER SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS APPLICATION - AEL-LPSG
  • AEL-LPSG
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
AEL-LPSG
低功率同步发电机应用
The Low Power Synchronous Generators Application, "AEL-LPSG", has been designed to study the procedure and the maneuvers requiredfor the synchronization of synchronous generators with the grid, with the aim of delivering the generated energy as...
POWER TRANSMISSION APPLICATION WITH SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR - AEL-TI-07
  • AEL-TI-07
Available
5.1.3.1.- 发电
AEL-TI-07
同步发电机传输电力应用
Power Transmission Application with Synchronous Generator, "AEL-TI-07", has been designed to study power generation systems based onsynchronous generators. This application is designed to demonstrate the most important operations and maneuvers...
ANALYSIS OF THREE-PHASE POWER LINES APPLICATION - AEL-TI-01
  • AEL-TI-01
Available
5.1.3.2.- 电力传输
AEL-TI-01
三相功率线路分析应用
The Analysis of Three-phase Power Lines Application, "AEL-TI-01", includes a series of modules which allow the study of the most important characteristics of aerial lines.Among them we can find: the aerial line module, which is configurable with...
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER WITH MOTOR REGULATION APPLICATION - AEL-TI-02
  • AEL-TI-02
Available
5.1.3.2.- 电力传输
AEL-TI-02
带有电机调节的配电变压器应用
The Distribution Transfomer with Motor Regulation Application, "AEL-TI-02", has been designed to study the distribution transformers and its importance in voltage regulation of the medium and low voltage stage of the electrical system. For that,...
ARC SUPPRESSION COIL APPLICATION - AEL-TI-03
  • AEL-TI-03
Available
5.1.3.2.- 电力传输
AEL-TI-03
弧光消除线圈应用
The Arc Suppression Coil Application, "AEL-TI- 03", has been designed by EDIBON to show the students how it is possible to neutralize an earth fault current with a Petersen Coil.For this purpose, this application includes a Petersen Coil module...
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