7.- 力学

力学是一门科学学科,负责研究影响自然界中存在的元素的物理现象。尽管它被称为力学,但它实际上涵盖了古典力学和量子力学,这是现代物理学的两个基本支柱。

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古典力学研究刚体以及具有有限或无限数量(连续介质)自由度的系统,而量子力学则研究小型或低能系统。

如同任何实验科学一样,对人体的任何机械研究都涉及从物理和数学的角度进行分析和实验的过程。但是,与其他科学学科不同,在力学中,研究在实际系统中解释的理论行为并不那么复杂。

得益于牛顿,拉格朗日,汉密尔顿或薛定er等众多科学家的贡献,可以建立一些力学的基本原理或定律:

  • 牛顿定律。
  • 保持动量原理。
  • 节约能源的原则。
  • 角动量守恒原理和旋转动力学基本方程。

考虑到他们的研究领域,最值得一提的是:

  • 工程。
  • 静态的。
  • 动态。
  • 流体力学。
  • 热力学和热传递。
  • 科学,材料的弹性和抵抗力。
  • 数值分析(有限元方法)。

由于该行业的不断发展,机械工程,汽车和汽车工程,结构计算,机械开发以及它们的安装和维护等分支是当前正在经历最大发展的领域。

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力学 SUBCATEGORIES

7.1.- 机械工业

机械工程是将物理学应用于我们周围的元素,以改进现有的机械设备或创造新的设备。由于它是以物理原理为基础的,所以它的起源可以追溯到物理原理的起源,它的发展与力学的进步密切相关。然而,直到蒸汽机的发明,它才成为工业发展的支柱之一。由于这个装置的产生,17世纪的工业革命发生了。从那一刻起,随着瓦特、史蒂芬森、特斯拉或兰金等地位的科学家和工程师的贡献,无论是在理念上还是在新机器的研发上,都开始了前所未有的更新。随着这些机器的发展,人们对工业的概念发生了改变。大规模生产的引入,机器设计的改进,以及随之而来的生产工艺范围的扩大,催生了迄今为止难以想象的适应社会需求的各种新产品。在机械工程中,应特别提及...

7.2.- 汽车机械工程

汽车工业是当今机械工程的主要应用领域之一。使用汽油内燃机的汽车被认为是20世纪最伟大的发明,尽管第一辆原型车在18世纪末就开始制造。第一辆原型车可以追溯到1769年,由一辆蒸汽驱动的马车组成。虽然没有成功,但为1860年汽油机的发展开创了先河。从这一发现开始,就开始了不可阻挡的发展,奔驰、标致、菲亚特或福特等汽车工业如雨后春笋般涌现。在千年之交,开始研究使用其他化石燃料,如柴油。今天,利用现有的所有技术和手段,可以了解构成车辆的所有元素在无限多情况下的行为。之所以能达到这样的水平,得益于每个设计、分析等背后的工程。研究最多的一些系统是:传送。刹车。暂停。发动机性能。电子产品。排放。安全性...

7.3.- 材料工程

材料工程是负责材料科学工业解释的科学工业分支。人类学上,根据制造工具的材料(石器时代、青铜时代等),对人类发展的不同阶段进行了分类。因此,人类的发展与新材料的研究密切相关。在过去的200年里,关于材料的发现就像吉布斯的贡献一样具有启示性,它证明了材料的特性与其结构之间存在着关系。这些都使得石墨烯等新材料的开发和纳米材料或纳米技术等新领域的研究成为可能。为了达到这样的发展水平,必须进行无数次的试验,既有屈曲、硬度(洛氏、布氏、维氏、马顿斯)、扭转、牵引力(韧性和回弹力)、拉力(蠕变)、剪切力等机械试验,也有化学试验(热处理、内部结构等)。还可以对材料进行以下分类:金属(黑色和有色金属);瓷...

7.4.- 安装与维护

当今社会的需求对任何行业来说都是一种挑战,因为行业必须在不断的发展和改造中才能适应这些需求。近年来,由于新的工业革命或 "工业4.0","工业物联网"(IIoT)和 "智能工厂...
力学 UNITS
Showing 91-120 of 171 item(s)
DRUM BRAKE UNIT - MFT
  • MFT
Available
7.2.1.- 刹车和离合器
MFT
Drum Brake Unit
The Drum Brake Unit, "MFT", allows the study of the forces acting on a drum brake, the difference between the braking torque of the primary shoe and secondary shoe braking systems and determining the coefficient of friction between the drum and...
DISC BRAKE UNIT - MFD
  • MFD
Available
7.2.1.- 刹车和离合器
MFD
Disc Brake Unit
This unit "MFD" has been designed to carry out experiments to investigate the relationship between the normal force acting on the brake pads, the effective radius of the brake pads and the braking torque.The brake pads are located on bell crank...
BRAKING AND ACCELERATING FORCES UNIT - MFF
  • MFF
Available
7.2.1.- 刹车和离合器
MFF
Braking and Accelerating Forces Unit
With the Braking and Accelerating Forces Unit, "MFF", practices and experiments can be carried out to study the relationship between the forces involved in the braking and acceleration of a vehicle. It also allows demonstrating the relationship...
PLATE CLUTCH - MEM
  • MEM
Available
7.2.1.- 刹车和离合器
MEM
Plate Clutch
The Plate Clutch, "MEM", allows to demonstrate the influence of the friction surface and the applied pressure of the springs on the transmitted torque for a friction clutch. To this end, several clutch discs with different diameters and...
SIMPLE HYDRAULIC UNIT - MSH
  • MSH
Available
7.2.1.- 刹车和离合器
MSH
简单液压设备
The Simple Hydraulic Unit, "MSH", has been designed for studies related to mechanical engineering and motor vehicles. It is used to demonstrate how a liquid can be used to transmit a force.The unit can also be used to conduct experiments to study...
GEARBOX - MCC
  • MCC
Available
7.2.2.- 齿轮, 差速器和变速箱
MCC
Gearbox
The Gearbox unit, "MCC", has been designed to represent the typical position of a simple gearbox with three gears ratio and reverse.Basically, the gearbox consists of several gears of different size that can be meshed as required. Those gears are...
EPICYCLIC GEAR UNIT (1 ELEMENT) - MTE1
  • MTE1
Available
7.2.2.- 齿轮, 差速器和变速箱
MTE1
Epicyclic Gear Unit (1 element)
The Epicyclic Gear Unit (1 element), "MTE1", includes a set of epicyclic gears that allows the student to study different reduction ratios (direct drive and overdrive), as well as torque conversion.A simple epicyclic gears set consists of:Sun gear...
EPICYCLIC GEAR UNIT (2 ELEMENTS) - MTE2
  • MTE2
Available
7.2.2.- 齿轮, 差速器和变速箱
MTE2
Epicyclic Gear Unit (2 elements)
The Epicyclic Gear Unit (2 elements), "MTE2", consists of two coupled epicyclic gears sets. It will allow the students to carry out experiments of different gear ratios, as well as the torque conversions.The epicyclic gears installed in the...
EPICYCLIC GEAR UNIT (3 ELEMENTS) - MTE3
  • MTE3
Available
7.2.2.- 齿轮, 差速器和变速箱
MTE3
Epicyclic Gear Unit (3 elements)
The Epicyclic Gear Unit (3 elements), "MTE3", consists of three coupled epicyclic gears sets. It will allow the students to carry out experiments of different gear ratios, as well as the torque conversions.The epicyclic gears installed in the...
BORG-WARNER AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION - MBW
  • MBW
Available
7.2.2.- 齿轮, 差速器和变速箱
MBW
Borg-Warner Automatic Transmission
The main distinguishing element of automatic transmissions is its group of epicyclic gearing.The gear assembly of the "MBW" unit consists of:Two sun gears, one to transfer forward gear ratios and one reverse gear.Two sets of planet gears: long and...
DIFFERENTIAL-CROWNWHEEL AND PINION - MDC
  • MDC
Available
7.2.2.- 齿轮, 差速器和变速箱
MDC
Differential-Crownwheel and Pinion
The Differential-Crownwheel and Pinion, "MDC", designed by EDIBON, simulates a differential mechanism. The function of the differential mechanism is to enable the drive wheels rotate at different speeds, regardless of whether they are the front or...
OVERDRIVE UNIT - MEC
  • MEC
Available
7.2.2.- 齿轮, 差速器和变速箱
MEC
Overdrive Unit
The Overdrive Unit, "MEC", includes a set of epicyclical gears that represent an application of a simple epicyclic arrangement of the type used in a motor vehicle overdrive.Simple epicyclic set consists of:Sun gear that rotates together with the...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED TEST BENCH FOR SINGLE-CYLINDER ENGINES, 2.2 KW - TBMC3
  • TBMC3
Available
7.2.3.- 引擎
TBMC3
用于2.2千瓦的计算机控制测试台
The Computer Controlled Test Bench for Single-Cylinder Engines, 2.2 kW, "TBMC3", designed by EDIBON, is a teaching unit to test internal combustion engines of up to 2.2 kW.The unit has an element to exert the braking torque, an asynchronous motor...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED TEST BENCH FOR 7.5 KW ENGINES - TBMC8
  • TBMC8
Available
7.2.3.- 引擎
TBMC8
用于7.5千瓦的计算机控制测试台
The Computer Controlled Test Bench for Single-Cylinder Engines, 7.5 kW, "TBMC8", designed by EDIBON, is a teaching unit to test internal combustion engines of up to 7.5 kW.The element of the unit that offers load torque is an eddy current...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED TEST BENCH FOR 11 KW ENGINES - TBMC12
  • TBMC12
Available
7.2.3.- 引擎
TBMC12
用于11千瓦的计算机控制测试台
The Computer Controlled Test Bench for Single-Cylinder and Two-Cylinders Engines, 11 kW, "TBMC12", designed by EDIBON, is a teaching unit to test internal combustion engines of up to 11 kW.The element of the unit that offers load torque is an eddy...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED TEST BENCH FOR 75 KW ENGINES - TBMC75
  • TBMC75
Available
7.2.3.- 引擎
TBMC75
用于75千瓦的计算机控制测试台
The Computer Controlled Test Bench for Four Cylinders Engines, 75 kW, "TBMC75", designed by EDIBON, is a teaching unit to test internal combustion engines of up to 75 kW.The element of the unit that offers load torque is an eddy current...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED EXHAUST GAS CALORIMETER - TBMC-CG
  • TBMC-CG
Available
7.2.3.- 引擎
TBMC-CG
电脑控制废气热量表
The Computer Controlled Exhaust Gas Calorimeter, "TBMC-CG", is mounted on a laminated aluminium profiles frame and panels in painted steel.The main element consists on a double-wall tank made in stainless steel. Through the tank interior the...
EXHAUST GAS ANALYZER - TBMC-AGE
  • TBMC-AGE
Available
7.2.3.- 引擎
TBMC-AGE
排放废气分析仪
Measurement of the volumetric concentrations according to the procedure of nondispersiva infrared absorption.Engines selection: gasoline, butane, propane, 2/4 times, 1/2/3/4/5/6/8/12 cylinders.Fast warm-up of the measure cell.Auto-check...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED TEST BENCH FOR HYBRID ENGINE - TMHC
  • TMHC
Available
7.2.3.- 引擎
TMHC
计算机控制混合动力引擎试验台
The Computer Controlled Test Bench for Hybrid Engine, "TMHC", is a teaching unit that allows to study and analyze the power source of a hybrid vehicle, consisting on a combination of an electrical motor and an internal combustion engine.These two...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED PHOTOELASTICITY UNIT - EFOC
  • EFOC
Available
7.3.1.- 光弹性和引伸
EFOC
光弹单元与应变仪测量系统
Unit for photoelasticity practices, illustrating the subjects of the photoelasticity theory, the elasticity theory, strength of materials, and structure theory.It is very suitable for the introduction and study of photoelasticity: optical...
PHOTOELASTICITY UNIT - EFO
  • EFO
Available
7.3.1.- 光弹性和引伸
EFO
光测弹性学设备
Unit for photoelasticity practices, illustrating the subjects of the Photoelasticity theory, the Elasticity theory, Strength of Materials, and Structure theory.It is very suitable for the introduction and study of photoelasticity: optical...
COMPUTER CONTROLLED PHOTOELASTICITY UNIT WITH ARTIFICIAL VISION SYSTEM - EFOV
  • EFOV
Available
7.3.1.- 光弹性和引伸
EFOV
光弹性法与人工视觉系统单元
Unit for photoelasticity practices, illustrating the subjects of the photoelasticity theory, the elasticity theory, strength of materials, and structure theory.It is very suitable for the introduction and study of photoelasticity: optical...
STRAIN GAUGE TRAINING UNIT - MEGE
  • MEGE
Available
7.3.1.- 光弹性和引伸
MEGE
应变仪培训设备
The Strain Gauge Training Unit, "MEGE", provides an introduction to the fundamentals of measurement with strain gauges, to compare how resistance strain gauges work and how they measure strains in different structures (torsion, tension and bending...
UNIT FOR DETERMINING THE GAUGE FACTOR OF STRAIN GAUGES - MFGE
  • MFGE
Available
7.3.1.- 光弹性和引伸
MFGE
应变仪应变系数测量设备
The Unit for Determining the Gauge Factor of Strain Gauges, "MFGE", allows to determine the k factor of strain gauges.The bar rests on two supports with ball bearings, so that it is possible to work with a load under pure bending.To perform such...
PHOTOELASTIC STRESS DEMONSTRATION UNIT - PSD
  • PSD
Available
7.3.1.- 光弹性和引伸
PSD
Photoelastic Stress Demonstration Unit
The Photoelastic Stress Demonstration Unit, "PSD", consists of a frame on which the test specimens are placed. The specimens are made of a special transparent material that has a double optical refraction effect under the action of a mechanical...
UNIVERSAL MATERIAL TESTING UNIT - EEU/20KN
  • EEU/20KN
Available
7.3.2.1.- 机械测试
EEU/20KN
通用材料测试装置-20KN
The Universal Material Testing Unit, "EEU/20KN", is a didactic bench-top universal material testing unit. It is distinguished by its rigid construction, accurate control and a precise hydraulic system to apply loads of up to 20 kN, which enables...
BRINELL HARDNESS TESTING UNIT - EEDB
  • EEDB
Available
7.3.2.1.- 机械测试
EEDB
布氏硬度测试单位
The Brinell Hardness Testing Unit, "EEDB", is a hardness tester that determines Brinell hardness in metals, hard alloys, tempered steels, etc. Besides, it can be used with other materials, such as rigid plastics, bakelite, etc.A penetrating ball...
BRINELL, VICKERS & ROCKWELL HARDNESS TESTING UNIT - EBVR
  • EBVR
Available
7.3.2.1.- 机械测试
EBVR
布氏、维氏、洛氏硬度测试计单元
The Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell Hardness Testing Unit, "EBVR", consists of a hardness testing machine that determines the three main types of hardness (Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell). It can be adapted to determine hardness of ferrous materials...
CREEP TESTING UNIT - EEFCR
  • EEFCR
Available
7.3.2.1.- 机械测试
EEFCR
蠕变试验设备
The Creep Testing Unit, "EEFCR", for the creep testing is mounted on a structure of aluminum profiles which a painted steel panel is supported on.The "EEFCR" unit is designed to carry out experiments on specimens of plastic materials. Due to the...
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