10.1.- 理论-实用基础

自动控制是工程的一个分支,它负责利用一套装置和机制来调节设备、过程或整个工厂的运行,称为控制系统。开环控制系统对系统输入(执行器)的作用与输出值无关。而闭环系统则是基于待控参数(被控变量)的反馈而运行。在这些系统中,传感器测量相应的变量,并通过控制器将测量值与期望值(参考信号)进行比较。根据比较中得到的差异(误差),对控制变量(被操纵变量)进行操作。通过框图来定义控制系统的各要素及其关系。

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经典控制理论在设计合适的控制策略时,确立了两个重要步骤:系统的识别和控制算法的定义。在识别过程中,最常用的方法是基于系统的时间响应分析(反应曲线法)、基于频率响应分析(Bode图)或基于拉普拉斯变换获得数学模型。根据所得到的系统模型(例如一阶系统、二阶系统或积分器)和所要满足的规格(闭环中的某一峰值时间、某一时间常数等),提出合适的控制策略,包括PID控制(比例-积分-衍生)和基于这类控制的控制(级联控制、多变量控制、预测控制或前馈、选择控制等)以及相位提前和延迟补偿器。

由于控制系统提供的优势,新的识别方法和先进的控制算法正在研究中。例如ARM、ARMAX和最小二乘识别方法以及自适应控制、预测控制和模糊控制算法。

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理论-实用基础 UNITS
Showing 13-17 of 17 item(s)
FLOW RATE CONTROL MODULE - RYC-C
Available
6.1.1.1.- 理论实用基础
RYC-C
Flow Rate Control Module
配件 RYC, RYC/T
The "RYC-C" Flow Rate Control module has been designed to study a practical control system, through the flow rate of a close water circuit.The "RYC-C" module consists of two main components: the "RYC-C" apparatus and the "RYC-C" interface box. The...
LUMINOSITY CONTROL MODULE - RYC-I
Available
6.1.1.1.- 理论实用基础
RYC-I
Luminosity Control Module
配件 RYC, RYC/T
The "RYC-I" Luminosity Control module has been designed to study a practical control system and study different light sensors, through the luminosity control with three different light sensors.The "RYC-I" module consists of two main components:...
PH CONTROL MODULE - RYC-pH
Available
6.1.1.1.- 理论实用基础
RYC-pH
pH Control Module
配件 RYC, RYC/T
The "RYC-pH" pH Control module has been designed to study a practical control system, through the pH dissolution control in a stirred tank.The "RYC-pH" module consists of two main components: "RYC-pH" apparatus and "RYC-pH" interface box. The...
POSITION CONTROL MODULE - RYC-CP
Available
6.1.1.1.- 理论实用基础
RYC-CP
Position Control Module
配件 RYC, RYC/T
The "RYC-CP" Position Control module has been designed to study a practical control system, through the control of a linear position system.The "RYC-CP" module consists of two main components: the "RYC-CP" apparatus and the "RYC-CP" interface box....
COMPUTER CONTROLLED GENERATING STATIONS CONTROL AND REGULATION SIMULATOR - SCE
  • SCE
Available
6.1.1.1.- 理论实用基础
SCE
电脑控制发电设备控制和调节模拟器
Unit designed to simulate the regulation behaviour of a hydroelectric generating station, as a didactic application with different aspects ofregulation, control and simulation.It is possible to work with this unit in 2 ways:REAL mode (continuous...
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