3.- COMMUNICATIONS

Today, numerous communication systems and networks coexist in the global communications infrastructure. They can be grouped, according to different classifications, as analog and digital, wired (conventional telephone networks) or wireless (radio communications), fixed (LAN, WAN) or mobile (GSM, GPRS, etc.), protocols (TCP/IP, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.).

The present and future of remote communications or telecommunications depends on the technological evolution of the means used. The most advanced systems allow a higher communication speed thanks to a greater bandwidth of frequencies in the microwaves range and a global and immediate coverage by satellites with powerful antennas. In addition, the technological progress of telecommunication systems has also contributed to the evolution and emergence of other technologies and concepts, such as the evolution of GPS positioning systems, the possibility to interconnect everyday objects to the internet network (internet of things (IoT)), the modernization of industry (Industry 4.0) or the development of computer security or cybersecurity.